TOBACCO HISTORY-2

 


  ETYMOLOGY

The Spanish word "tabaco" is thought to have its origin in Arawakan language, particularly, in the Taino language of the Caribbean. In Taino, it was said to refer either to a roll of tobacco leaves (according to Bartolome de Las Casas, 1552), or to the tabago, a kind of Y-shaped pipe for sniffing tobacco smoke (according to Oviedo; with the leaves themselves being referred to as cohiba).[7]

However, similar words in Spanish and Italian were commonly used from 1410 to define medicinal herbs, originating from the Arabic tabbaq, a word reportedly dating to the 9th century, as the name of various herbs.[8]

TOBACCO -History

                  

TOBACCO

Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. It can be consumed, used as an organic pesticide and, in the form of nicotine tartrate, it is used in some medicines.[1] In consumption it most commonly appears in the forms of smoking, chewing, snuffing, or dipping tobacco, or snus. Tobacco has long been in use as an entheogen in the Americas. However, upon the arrival of Europeans in North America, it quickly became popularized as a trade item and as a recreational drug. This popularization led to the development of the southern economy of the United States until it gave way to cotton. Following the American Civil War, a change in demand and a change in labor force allowed for the development of the cigarette. This new product quickly led to the growth of tobacco companies, until the scientific controversy of the mid-1900s.

There are many species of tobacco, which are all encompassed by the plant genus Nicotiana. The word nicotiana (as well as nicotine) was named in honor of Jean Nicot, French ambassador to Portugal, who in 1559 sent it as a medicine to the court of Catherine de Medici.[2]

Because of the addictive properties of nicotine, tolerance and dependence develop. Absorption quantity, frequency, and speed of tobacco consumption are believed to be directly related to biological strength of nicotine dependence, addiction, and tolerance.[3][4] The usage of tobacco is an activity that is practiced by some 1.1 billion people, and up to 1/3 of the adult population.[5] The World Health Organization reports it to be the leading preventable cause of death worldwide and estimates that it currently causes 5.4 million deaths per year.[6] Rates of smoking have leveled off or declined in developed countries, however they continue to rise in developing countries.

Tobacco is cultivated similarly to other agricultural products. Seeds are sown in cold frames or hotbeds to prevent attacks from insects, and then transplanted into the fields. Tobacco is an annual crop, which is usually harvested mechanically or by hand. After harvest, tobacco is stored for curing, which allows for the slow oxidation and degradation of carotenoids. This allows for the agricultural product to take on properties that are usually attributed to the "smoothness" of the smoke. Following this, tobacco is packed into its various forms of consumption, which include smoking, chewing, sniffing, and so on.

Cigarette Economy In India-1

CIGARETTE MARKET IN INDIA

                            

  














      cigarette candy  girls of America  

   Messengers of Illness & Pollution

The cigarette market in India has 4 players: ITC, a British American Tobacco (BAT) affiliate, the largest cigarette manufacturer with 66% of the market share, Godfrey Phillips India (GPI), a Philip Morris affiliate, and Vazir Sultan Tobacco (VST), a BAT affiliate, each with 13% of the total market share, and Golden Tobacco Company (GTC) with 8% of the market share. There are lots of popular brands in the Indian market. They are divided into 3 segments which are super premium, premium, and bingo segments. Few of the brands in these categories are:- Super premium - Wills Insignia Premium- Wills Classic/Milds Wills Navy Cut, Wills Silk Cut, Gold Flake/Lights, four square Bingo – Bristol, Red and White

Cigarette Quotes-4

Let me respond with a few points, the first being that all immigrants pay taxes, income taxes, property taxes, sales taxes, gasoline taxes, cigarette taxes, every tax when they make a purchase.

                                   Luis Gutierrez 

Listening to a news broadcast is like smoking a cigarette and crushing the butt in the ashtray.

                                   Milan Kundera 

My first thought was always a cigarette. It still is, but I haven't cheated.

                                         Frederik Pohl 

My memory of my mom is a wine glass in one hand and a cigarette in the other. She was a runway fashion model, and she was quite a glamorous woman.

                                                 Loni Anderson 

My mom started smoking when she was 11. She went to the hill next door to try her first cigarette. She set the entire hill on fire, but it didn't deter her.

                                                      ~ Loni Anderson 

One does not re-light a dead cigarette.

Anna Held 

Probably millions of Americans got up this morning with a cup of coffee, a cigarette and a donut. No wonder they are sick and fouled up.

                         ~ Jack LaLanne 

Smokers, male and female, inject and excuse idleness in their lives every time they light a cigarette. 

                  ~ Sidonie Gabrielle Colette
                                     

Something about glamor interested me. All my schoolbooks had drawings of women on terraces with a cocktail and a cigarette.

                                         ~ Bill Blass               

                                                                     

Such lifestyle factors such as cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, little physical activity and low dietary calcium intake are risk factors for osteoporosis as well as for many other non-communicable diseases.

                                   ~  Gro Harlem Brundtland 

Suddenly Star Wars came out while we were on hiatus, and we looked like the old Buck Rogers series, where they had cigarette smoke blowing out the back of the rocket ship.

                                        ~ Gregory Harrison 

The gunner's mate came up and started breaking the locks on the ammunition. Everything was locked up for fear that someone might go in there with a cigarette or something.  

                                                  ~ Barney Ross                      

Then I would have an occasional cigarette and then I started back dipping. I started dipping last year. My family has asked me again to stop, and I'm trying my best to do that.

                                              ~ Payne Stewart 

They're talking about banning cigarette smoking now in any place that's used by ten or more people in a week, which, I guess, means that Madonna can't even smoke in bed.

                                                ~ Bill Maher 

We can no longer tolerate losing one more innocent child or putting one more firefighter at risk in a fire that could have been prevented at the cost of pennies by making a couple simple changes to the construction of a cigarette.

                                        ~ Ed Markey 

We wanted to step off our island and add the color of the third world. We got gold cigarette paper and stuck it around our teeth. We really did look like pirates and dressed to look the part.

                                                    ~ Vivienne Westwood 

When I was young, I kissed my first woman and smoked my first cigarette on the same day. Believe me, never since have I wasted any more time on tobacco.

                                                 ~  Arturo Toscanini 






Your lungs are changed forever from your first cigarette.
Loni Anderson 

Cigarette Quotes-3

At one time I smoked, but in 1959 I couldn't think of anything else to give up for Lent so I stopped-and I haven't had a cigarette since.   
                   
                                         ~Ethel Merman 

Fame is being asked to sign your autograph on the back of a cigarette packet.

                                                     ~ Billy Connolly 

Far too many times over the next 12 to 15 years, it was brought to my attention that people who followed my exercise guidelines exactly but ignored their diet, their weight and their cigarette 

smoking had heart attacks at age 55.          
                  
                                           ~Kenneth H. Coope

I kissed my first girl and smoked my first cigarette on the same day. I haven't had time for tobacco since.

                                                   ~Arturo Toscanini 

I met the surgeon general - he offered me a cigarette.

                                                      ~ Rodney Dangerfield 

I never smoked a cigarette until I was nine.

                                                     ~ H. L. Mencken

I'll never feel comfortable taking a strong drink, and I'll never feel easy smoking a cigarette. I just don't think those things are right for me.

                                                  ~ Elvis Presley 

I've been close to Bette Davis for thirty-eight years - and I have the cigarette burns to

prove it.

                                                    ~ Henry Fonda 

If you want to talk to me, you'll have to put out that cigarette.

                                                ~ Jimmy Piersall 

Impotence is one of the major hazards of cigarette smoking.

                                            ~ Loni Anderson 

It is difficult to determine the cause of grass fires. There is usually nothing left behind when we get there, like a cigarette or a gas can, for us to determine what started it.

                                               ~ John Glover 

It's amazing to me that young people will still pick up a cigarette.

                                             ~ Loni Anderson 

Last year in a historic move, the state of New York passed the very first cigarette fire safety standard.

                                                ~ Ed Markey 

TEEN SMOKING

TEEN SMOKING: 
STATISTICS 
and
PREVENTION-[America]






Teen smoking had been on a sharp decline since the mid-late 1990's, but recent data shows that the adolescent smoking rates are rising slightly.

According to a 2005 study done by the CDC, 23% of high school students reported smoking cigarettes in the last month. This is compared with a previous study of high school students that showed 21.9% in 2003. While this data is somewhat discouraging it is far better than the 1997 level of the same survey at 36.4%. The rise appears to be greatest among white and Hispanic teens while the rates of teen smoking declined among black teens.

There is no concrete evidence at this time to show why the teen smoking statistics have declined since 1997, but some believe it is in better awareness efforts. Some also feel that it is due to a decline in media glamorizing smoking.

The CDC study showed that 80% of smokers begin before the age of 18. A similar study which was published by the American Lung Association website shows 90% of smokers begin before the age of 21.

A study that was done by the CDC also found some interesting facts and estimates:
1. About 3,900 teens under 18 start smoking each day.
2. Of the 3,900 teens that start smoking each day - 1500 will become regular smokers.
3. Those who smoke often have secondary behavioral issues such as violence, drug/alcohol use, and high-risk sexual behavior.

Some of the contributing factors of teenage smoking are:
1. Low socioeconomic status
2. Use or approval of smoking by siblings/peers
3. Smoking by parents
4. Availability and price of tobacco
5. Lack of parent support / involvement
6. Lower self-image or self-esteem

Consequences of teen smoking:
1. Chronic cough - if smoking is continued
2. Reduced stamina
3. Bad breath
4. Yellow teeth
5. Stinky clothes
6. Expensive habit - 1 pack/day = about $1000/year.

Some tips for parents to help prevent teen smoking:
1. Educate your child about the dangers of smoking early on.
2. Be a good example. Only 2 percent of smokers have parents who don't smoke. (Mayo Clinic).
3. Don't leave cigarettes where children or teens may have access to them.
4. Teach the teen or child refusal skills

Teen Smoking Statistics Sources: CDC, Mayo Clinic, ALA

Cigarette Quotes-2

 Thank heaven, I have given up smoking again!... God! I feel fit.  Homicidal, but fit.  A different man.  Irritable, moody, depressed, rude, nervy, perhaps; but the lungs are fine. 

                                    ~A.P. Herbert

There's a lot of people who, a cigarette is about the only vacation they  have.     

                                     ~Trey Parker, 

        mini-commentary on DVD South Park episode "Butt Out"


I'd rather kiss a mad cow on the muzzle than a smoker on the mouth.  
                           ~Paul Carvel


He who doth not smoke hath either known no great griefs, or refuseth himself the softest consolation, next to that which comes from heaven.  

           ~Edward George Bulwer-Lytton, 

                       What Will He Do With It?


In a gathering of two or more people, when a lighted cigarette is placed in an ashtray, the smoke will waft into the face of the non-smoker.  
                                          ~Author Unknown


A cigarette is a pipe with a fire at one end and a fool at the other.  
                                       ~Author Unknown


Please don't throw your cigarette butts in the urinal.  It makes them soggy and hard to light.  

                               

                                                  ~Author Unknown


Tobacco and alcohol, delicious fathers of abiding friendships and fertile reveries.
                                                  ~Luis Buñuel


Good food, good sex, good digestion, good sleep:  to these basic animal pleasures, man has added nothing but the good cigarette.

                            ~Mignon McLaughlin,  

                             The Second Neurotic's Notebook, 1966


Smoking is one of the leading causes of statistics.
                              ~Author Unknown


I'm glad I don't have to explain to a man from Mars why each day I set fire to dozens of little pieces of paper, and put them in my mouth.

                                ~Mignon McLaughlin, 

                                  The Second Neurotic's Notebook, 1966

I've been smoking nearly 50 years now. I just don't feel safe breathing anything I can't see!
                                                 ~Dave Beard


Ods me I marle what pleasure or felicity they have in taking their roguish tobacco.  It is good for nothing but to choke a man, and fill him full of smoke and embers. 

                                                    ~Ben Jonson, 

                                                        Every Man in His Humour


Cigarettes are killers that travel in packs. 
                                              ~Author Unknown


Watching the smoke dance out of a cigarette is like watching a girl dance out of her dress.                                                 
                                                ~Terri Guillemets


Your clothes smell heavily of clothing.  Your den is filled with low-hanging palls of fresh air.  The only rattle in your car is the sound of toll change in the ashtray.  The absence of telltale tobacco stains on your shirt collar tells the tale - you've licked the smoking habit. 

                                            ~Robert Brault, 1973,

                                              http://www.robertbrault.com/


Tobacco, divine, rare super excellent tobacco, which goes far beyond all panaceas, potable gold and philosopher's stones, a sovereign remedy to all diseases.

                                              ~Robert Burton,

                                                    Anatomy of Melancholy

The cigarette does the smoking - you're just the sucker.
                                                           ~Author Unknown


They threaten me with lung cancer, and still I smoke and smoke.  If they'd only threaten me with hard work, I might stop.

                                              ~Mignon McLaughlin, 

                                                 The Second Neurotic's Notebook, 1966  

What a weird thing smoking is and I can't stop it.  I feel cosy, have a sense of well-being when I'm smoking, poisoning myself, killing myself slowly.  Not so slowly maybe.  I have all kinds of pains I don't want to know about and I know that's what they're from.  But when I don't smoke I scarcely feel as if I'm living.  I don't feel as if I'm living unless I'm killing myself.                                             ~Russell Hoban,

                                                Turtle Diary, 1975


A woman is only a woman, but a good cigar is a smoke.

                                            ~Rudyard Kipling,  

                                                 The Betrothed

  Coffee and tobacco are complete repose.
                                                 ~Turkish Proverb


Yes, social friend, I love thee well,
In learned doctor's spite;
Thy clouds all other clouds dispel
And lap me in delight.

                                                   ~Charles Sprague,

                                                           "To My Cigar"


Now the only thing I miss about sex is the cigarette afterward.  Next to the first one in the morning, it's the best one of all.  It tasted so good that even if I had been frigid I would have pretended otherwise just to be able to smoke it.
                                                           ~Florence King


I used to smoke two packs a day and I just hate being a nonsmoker.... but I will never consider myself a nonsmoker because I always find smokers the most interesting people at the table.  
                                 ~Michelle Pfeiffer


Forcing smoke down my lungs is pulmonary rape.  It invades my body against my will, and it's not fair. 
                              ~Patty Young


To some, the cigarette is a portable therapist.
                              ~Terri Guillemets


Divine in hookas, glorious in a pipe
When tipp'd with amber, mellow, rich, and ripe;...
Yet thy true lovers more admire by far
Thy naked beauties - give me a cigar!

                                             ~George Gordon, Lord Byron,

                                                       The Island

A custom loathsome to the eye, hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, dangerous to the lungs, and in the black, stinking fume thereof nearest resembling the horrible Stygian smoke of the pit that is bottomless. 

                                                                   ~James I of England, 

                                                                        A Counterblaste to Tobacco, 1604


The best way to stop smoking is to carry wet matches.

                                               ~Author Unknown

Cigarette Quotes-1

I kissed my first girl and smoked my first cigarette on the same day.  I haven't had time for tobacco since. 
                  ~Arturo Toscanini


To cease smoking is the easiest thing I ever did.  I ought to know because I've done it a thousand times. 
                                       
                              ~Mark Twain, attributed


I thought I couldn't afford to take her out and smoke as well.  So I gave up cigarettes.  Then I took her out and one day I looked at her and thought:  "Oh well," and I went back to smoking again, and that was better.  
                     ~Benny Hill


One thousand Americans stop smoking every day - by dying.           
                            ~Author Unknown


There's something luxurious about having a girl light your cigarette.  In fact, I got married once on account of that.  
                   ~Harold Robbins


Remember, if you smoke after sex you're doing it too fast.                                                                 
              
              ~Woody Allen


Thank you for Not Smoking.  Cigarette smoke is the residue of your pleasure.  It contaminates the air, pollutes my hair and clothes, not to mention my lungs.  This takes place without my consent.  I have a pleasure, also.  I like a beer now and then.  The residue of my pleasure is urine.  Would you be annoyed if I stood on a chair and pissed on your head and your clothes without your consent?                       
                 ~Sign from Ken's Magic Shop


If we see you smoking we will assume you are on fire and take appropriate action.  
                              ~Douglas Adams


It has always been my rule never to smoke when asleep, and never to refrain when awake.  


                      ~Mark Twain


If you must smoke, take your butt outside. 


                       ~Author Unknown


Smoke your pipe and be silent; there's only wind and smoke in the world.  


                           ~Irish Prover

Little tube of mighty pow'r,
Charmer of an idle hour,
Object of my warm desire.
        
                  ~Isaac Hawkins Browne, 
                   "A Pipe of Tobacco"


A good cigar is like a beautiful chick with a great body who also knows the American League box scores. 


                    ~M*A*S*H, Klinger, 
                         "Bug-Out," 1976


Much smoking kills live men and cures dead swine.  


                        ~George D. Prentice


If an addict who has been completely cured starts smoking again he no longer experiences the discomfort of his first addiction.  There exists, therefore, outside alkaloids and habit, a sense for opium, an intangible habit which lives on, despite the recasting of the organism.  The dead drug leaves a ghost behind.  At certain hours it haunts the house.
  
                       ~Jean Cocteau


The believing we do something when we do nothing is the first illusion of tobacco. 


                ~Ralph Waldo Emerson


There are some circles in America where it seems to be more socially acceptable to carry a hand-gun than a packet of cigarettes. 
                                       
                   ~Katharine Whitehorn


Tobacco is a dirty weed.  I like it.
It satisfies no normal need.  I like it.
It makes you thin, it makes you lean,
It takes the hair right off your bean
It's the worst darn stuff I've ever seen.
I like it.
                           
                    ~Graham Lee Hemminger,
                      Tobacco


For the first time in history, sex is more dangerous than the cigarette afterward. 
                                                   
                             ~Jay Leno


Nicotine patches are great.  Stick one over each eye and you can't find your cigarettes.
        
                          ~Author Unknown

To smoke or not to smoke:  I can make of either a life-work.  


                         ~Mignon McLaughlin, 
                           The Neurotic's Notebook, 1960

A cigarette is the perfect type of a perfect pleasure.  It is ex               
                    ~Oscar Wilde,
                     The Picture of Dorian Gray

On CBS Radio the news of [Ed Murrow's] death, reportedly from lung cancer, was followed by a cigarette commercial.                


                     ~Alexander Kendrick


The best way to stop smoking is to just stop - no ifs, ands or butts.
                                                   
                             ~Edith Zittler


The public health authorities never mention the main reason many Americans have for smoking heavily, which is that smoking is a fairly sure, fairly honorable form of suicide.  


                          ~Kurt Vonnegut


It's all one thing - both tend into one scope -
To live upon Tobacco and on Hope,
The one's but smoke, the other is but wind.
            ~Sir Robert Aytoun of Kincaldie,  
               "Sonnet on Tobacco"


A nonsmoker is forced to find food, but for a smoker breakfast can be a cigarette and a cup of bad coffee.  


              ~Brock Fiant